The Alzheimer Pandemic: Is Paracetamol to Blame?

(Theory on the over the counter(in USA) pain reliever, complete article in link)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3921468/

The Alzheimer Pandemic: Is Paracetamol to Blame?

Abstract
Historical Background:

The clinical recognition of a form of dementia closely resembling Alzheimer's disease dates from around 1800. The role of analgesics derived from coal-tar in the spread of the pandemic is traced in terms of the introduction of phenacetin (PN) in 1887; its nephrotoxicity; the observation of lesions characteristic of the disease by Fischer and Alzheimer; the discovery of paracetamol (PA) as the major metabolite of PN; the linking of kidney injury and dementia with high PN usage; and the failure of PN replacement by PA to halt and reverse the exponential, inexorable rise in the incidence of Alzheimer-type dementia. Fischer observed his first case before Alzheimer; it is proposed to rename the syndrome Fischer-Alzheimer disease (F-AD).

Disease development:

PA-metabolising enzymes are localised in the synaptic areas of the frontal cortex and hippocampus, where F-AD lesions arise. The initiating chemical lesions in liver poisoning comprise covalent binding of a highly reactive product of PA metabolism to proteins; similar events are believed to occur in brain, where alterations in the antigenic profiles of cerebral proteins activate the microglia. β-Amyloid forms, and, like PA itself, induces nitric oxide synthase. Peroxynitrite modifies cerebral proteins by nitrating tyrosine residues, further challenging the microglia and exacerbating the amyloid cascade. Spontaneous reinnervation, N-acetyl cysteine administration and tyrosine supplementation may attenuate the early stages of F-AD development.

Conclusion:

F-AD is primarily a man-made condition with PA as its principal risk factor.

yoly wrote:(Theory on the over the counter(in USA) pain reliever, complete article in link)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3921468/

The Alzheimer Pandemic: Is Paracetamol to Blame?

Abstract
Historical Background:

The clinical recognition of a form of dementia closely resembling Alzheimer's disease dates from around 1800. The role of analgesics derived from coal-tar in the spread of the pandemic is traced in terms of the introduction of phenacetin (PN) in 1887; its nephrotoxicity; the observation of lesions characteristic of the disease by Fischer and Alzheimer; the discovery of paracetamol (PA) as the major metabolite of PN; the linking of kidney injury and dementia with high PN usage; and the failure of PN replacement by PA to halt and reverse the exponential, inexorable rise in the incidence of Alzheimer-type dementia. Fischer observed his first case before Alzheimer; it is proposed to rename the syndrome Fischer-Alzheimer disease (F-AD).

Disease development:

PA-metabolising enzymes are localised in the synaptic areas of the frontal cortex and hippocampus, where F-AD lesions arise. The initiating chemical lesions in liver poisoning comprise covalent binding of a highly reactive product of PA metabolism to proteins; similar events are believed to occur in brain, where alterations in the antigenic profiles of cerebral proteins activate the microglia. β-Amyloid forms, and, like PA itself, induces nitric oxide synthase. Peroxynitrite modifies cerebral proteins by nitrating tyrosine residues, further challenging the microglia and exacerbating the amyloid cascade. Spontaneous reinnervation, N-acetyl cysteine administration and tyrosine supplementation may attenuate the early stages of F-AD development.

Conclusion:

F-AD is primarily a man-made condition with PA as its principal risk factor.

Many thanks for posting this Yoly, using your link, I discovered it a very long and interesting read, which I'm still digesting!

The words near the end "Evidence that much of the dementia of today is man-made is too powerful to ignore. The unsatisfactory nature of the present situation calls for urgent action." stood out.

All the best Jan

Jan;

I don't think that he present much convincing evidence, but is interesting the historic perspective. But is know that paracetamol has some effect on the brain, it was claimed in a study that it reduced anxiety, so who knows what else could do in the brain. Is known that it reduce the master anti-oxidant  glutathione and does damage to kidneys and liver. That is why is recommended to be taken with NAC (n-acetyl-cysteine) that help the body produce glutathione and help the liver detox.

Interesting connection. I wonder if there's an additive or multiplicative effect with glucose and insulin.